Cynicism and Islamic Sufism

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Professor of the Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

Many researchers on the philosophical foundation of Islamic mysticism, when examining the impact of the Greek philosopher on Islamic Sufism, discussed in a way that suggests that they are aware of some affinities of the cynics with the ethical and theoretical views of the Sufists, yet for some reasons such as the lack of reliable documents they avoided in elaborating the scale of the influence of that Greek trend upon Islamic Sufism; especially trends such as Malamatieh. This article glances at the history and ideas of cynicism without discussing its impact on Islamic Sufism. Then, it examines the shared beliefs of cynicism and  Islamic Sufism, providing necessary evidence to prove these commonalities. It should be noted that more than having an ordered philosophical structure, cynics hold dogmatic ethical beliefs that were in open conflict with the ethics of their time. Considering the enormous similarities between Sufism and cynicism, it is probable that the theoretical and ethical traditions of the cynics have found their way into Islamic Sufism. Still, since the existing evidence does not prove these impacts, this article deals with some probable ways to prove this.

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